ACA 相信，提升划行安全最好的方式是透過「自願性的教育課程」。為此，ACA 為休閒划行者制定了一套教育課程的最低標準。這些標準旨在提供划行者在平靜、受保護水域開始划行時所需的最低限度資訊。The ACA believes the best way to increase paddling safety is through voluntary education programs. To this end, the ACA has established a set of minimum standards for educational programs for recreational paddlers. These standards are designed to provide the minimum amount of information that a paddler needs to begin paddling in calm, protected waters.
基本資格標準 (Essential Eligibility Criteria)Essential Eligibility Criteria (EEC)
重要性： EEC 是為了確保所有學員的安全而制定的核心標準。教練必須根據這些準則來評估學員是否具備參與特定課程的生理與心理基礎能力。Importance: EECs are core standards established to ensure the safety of all participants. Instructors must use these criteria to evaluate whether a student possesses the physical and mental capabilities required for a specific course.
- 1. 能在水中閉氣並將頭部保持在水面上（可獨立或在最少輔助下完成）。1. Ability to hold breath underwater and keep head above water independently or with minimal assistance.
- 2. 能夠在發生翻船時獨立脫離船隻。2. Ability to independently exit the craft in the event of a capsize.
- 3. 能夠遵守指令並與教練及團隊有效溝通。3. Ability to follow instructions and communicate effectively with the instructor and group.
1. 從基礎出發：必備裝備1. Starting from the Basics: Essential Equipment
船隻與槳The Boat & Paddle
- 根據划行者與活動需求選擇合適的船隻。Select the appropriate boat for the paddler and activity.
- 遵守製造商的使用與維護指南。Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for use and maintenance.
- 嚴禁超載；出發前檢查船體與各項裝備完整性。Never overload; check the hull and hardware integrity before launching.
- 槳的尺寸應與划行者及活動類型匹配。Paddle size should match the paddler and the activity.
救生衣 (PFD)Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs)
- 船上每個人都必須備有符合體重標準且合格的 PFD。Everyone on board must have a properly fitted, USCG approved PFD.
- 划行時應全程穿著並正確調整鬆緊。Wear it! And keep it properly adjusted at all times while on the water.
- 翻船與落水極其常見，穿著 PFD 能大幅降低受傷或死亡風險。Capsizing and falling overboard are extremely common; wearing a PFD significantly reduces the risk of injury or death.
2. 法律與划行者的責任2. Law & Paddler Responsibility
法律規定因地區而異，教練應提醒學員：Legal requirements vary by jurisdiction; instructors should remind students about:
- 登記與法規：Registration & Regulations: 了解當地水域的船隻登記要求。動力船或帆船的法規與無動力船隻大不相同。Be aware of vessel registration requirements. Regulations for power or sail vessels differ significantly from human-powered craft.
- 操作者責任：Operator Responsibility: 划行者須對自己的行為負責。在水面上應保持禮貌並尊重他人。Paddlers are responsible for their actions. Be courteous and respectful of others on the water.
- 避讓大型船隻：Give Way to Large Vessels: 主動避開大型船隻與航道，大型船隻的機動性受限。Proactively avoid large vessels and shipping channels; larger craft have limited maneuverability.
3. 行程規劃與準備3. Planning and Preparation
規劃是安全的核心。一個完整的「航行計畫 (Float Plan)」應包含：Planning is central to safety. A complete “Float Plan” should include:
- 技能匹配Skill Match確保技能足以應對目的地。Ensure skills are adequate for the destination.
- 環境評估Environmental Assessment檢查天氣、水況與局部危害。Check weather, water conditions, and local hazards.
- 應變計畫Alternative Plans擁有備選路線與應對方案。Have alternative routes.
- 通報系統Notification System告知他人預計回報時間與逾時處理方案。Tell someone your expected return time and what to do if you are overdue.
準備入水Preparing to Launch
在水邊應確保每個人都有合適裝備，並了解計劃路線。避開航行水道，盡可能靠近岸邊。At the water’s edge, ensure everyone has proper gear and understands the planned route. Avoid shipping channels and stay as close to the shore as possible.
在水上：登船與行動On the Water: Boarding and Movement
- 登船與下船時應緩慢移動並保持重心平衡，避免翻船。Move slowly and maintain balance during boarding and disembarking to avoid capsizing.
- 離岸後避免隨意移動位置，若需移動應遵守「一次一人」與「低重心」原則。Avoid unnecessary movement once offshore; follow “one person at a time” and “low center of gravity” principles.
- 保持小組行動（建議 3 人以上），絕對禁止酒後划行。Maintain group travel (3+ recommended) and strictly prohibit paddling under the influence.
4. ACA 教練能力與證照體系4. ACA Instructor Competency & Certification
教練能力要求Instructor Competency Requirements
安全意識與風險管理Safety & Risk Management
教練必須能識別風險、預測危險並具備卓越的救援技能。必須持有認可機構的 CPR 與急救證書。Instructors must identify risks, anticipate hazards, and possess superior rescue skills. Must hold recognized CPR and First Aid certifications.
技術與教學能力Technical & Teaching Ability
必須能示範流暢且有效的划行技術，並能運用多元教學風格（視覺、聽覺、實踐）來引導學員。Must demonstrate graceful, effective technique and use diverse teaching styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) to guide students.
ACA 提供不同等級的課程以滿足不同需求：The ACA provides various course levels to meet different needs:
入門課程Intro Courses
Introduction (1/4/8 hrs)
在受保護的平靜水域練習基礎技巧，強調安全教育。Practice basic skills in protected calm water, emphasizing safety education.
基礎課程Essential Courses
Essentials (1 day)
針對特定領域，讓初學者能在平水或簡單流速水域安全划行。Discipline specific, allowing beginners to paddle safely in flat or slow-moving water.
進階課程Advanced Courses
Basic through Advanced
掌握特定領域的精妙之處，包括在高難度水況下的操控與救援。Help enthusiasts master the nuances of a specific discipline, including maneuvering and safety rescues.
有效項目的要素Elements of Effective Programs
一個成功的划槳運動項目不僅在於教學，還包含完善的遴選與推廣：A successful paddlesport program is about more than just teaching; it involves sound selection and promotion:
- ● 聘任有經驗且認證的教練Hire experienced, certified instructors
- ● 建立清晰的訓練目標Establish clear training goals
- ● 提供多層次的培訓機會Provide multi-level training opportunities
- ● 積極利用創意方式推廣安全Use creative ways to promote safety