第七單元：划行概念 | 台灣激流實驗室

1. 槳葉原理：C-P-R 週期1. Blade Concepts: C-P-R Cycle

有效的槳法可以分解為三個階段：Effective strokes can be broken down into three phases:

Catch - 抓水Catch

槳葉垂直插入水中的瞬間，像把槳「埋進混凝土」一樣固定。The catch is when the paddle is planted or thrust into the water.

Power - 動力Power

移動船體，而不是移動槳葉。想像船隻在槳葉旁滑過。The power phase is when the boat is moved relative to the anchored paddle.

Recovery - 復位Recovery

將槳葉帶回水面，準備下一次的入水。The recovery moves the paddle back into position for another catch.

2. 身體與船體 (Body & Boat)2. Body & Boat Concepts

划行者框架 (Paddler’s Box)：Paddler’s Box:雙手應始終保持在肩膀前方的空間內，以保護脆弱的肩關節。Keep both arms within the “Paddler’s Box” at all times to protect the shoulder joint.
軀幹旋轉 (Torso Rotation)：Torso Rotation:利用大肌群的力量，減少手臂疲勞。Rotate the torso to utilize large muscle groups and increase power.
船體靜穩 (Quiet Boat)：Quiet Boat:減少側傾、俯仰或偏移，以降低水中阻力，提高效率。Keep the hull “quiet” in the water to reduce frictional resistance or drag.

教學實務心得：引導學員以「視線看往轉向目標」能有效帶動軀幹旋轉，從本體感覺上自然打破舊習干擾。Instructor Tip: Guiding students to look toward their target dynamically initiates torso rotation and breaks bad habits.

3. 基礎技巧 vs. 操控動作3. Fundamental Skills vs. Maneuvers

教學核心原則 Core Pedagogical Principle

學員必須先學習如何有效地划行，初期的重點應放在「基礎技巧」而非「操控動作」。透過重複練習基礎技巧，能大大增加掌握操控動作的成功機會。若省略此過程，學員的操控表現往往不盡理想。Initial emphasis must be on fundamental skills rather than maneuvers. Practicing basic skills first leads to an increased chance of success in mastering maneuvers. If the process is abbreviated, maneuvers may be poorly executed.

基礎技巧 (Fundamental Skills)Fundamental Skills

平衡 (Balance)：居中且相對挺直的身體重心Balance: Centered, upright body
船體側傾 (Boat Lean)：透過體重轉移控制船體Boat Lean: Weight transfer control
身體機制 (Body Mechanics)：有效利用上下半身Body Mechanics: Efficient use of torso
基礎槳法 (Paddling Strokes)：動力、轉向與支撐Paddling Strokes: Power, turning, bracing
協調性與流暢度 (Coordination & Fluidity)Coordination & Fluidity

操控動作 (Maneuvers)Maneuvers

直線划行 (Straight Line)：前進與後退Straight Line Paddling: Forward/Reverse
迴流區進出 (Eddy Turns)Eddy Turns
橫渡 (Ferries)Ferries
旋轉與轉向 (Spins & Turns)：90/180 度轉向Spins & Turns: 90/180-degree turns
側移與衝浪 (Sideslips & Surfing)Sideslips & Surfing

4. 身體、船體、槳葉：三位一體4. Body, Boat, Blade: The Relationship

划行技術的精髓在於這三者之間的動態協作。教練應引導學員理解：The essence of paddling technique lies in the dynamic collaboration of these three elements. Instructors should guide students to understand:

身體 (Body)Body

動力來源。透過軀幹旋轉將力量傳遞至槳葉。The power source. Transfers energy via torso rotation.

船體 (Boat)Boat

反應媒介。身體與槳葉的互動最終體現在船體的位移。The medium. The interaction is reflected in hull displacement.

槳葉 (Blade)Blade

槓桿支點。與水接觸並提供推力或阻力。The fulcrum. Contacts water to provide thrust or resistance.

教練示範標準Instructor Demonstration Standards

作為教練，您的動作必須是流暢且精準的。學員會模仿您的每一個細節：As an instructor, your movements must be graceful, fluid, and precise. Students will mimic every detail:

● 展現從入水、動力到復位的完整週期。Show the full C-P-R cycle clearly.
● 強調「划行者框架」的安全性。Emphasize the safety of the Paddler’s Box.
● 演示如何利用環境（如水流）來輔助操控。Demo using the environment to aid maneuvers.

※ 基礎技巧的熟練度直接決定了操控動作的成功率。※ Mastery of fundamental skills directly determines the success of maneuvers.

來源與參考資料Sources & References

American Canoe Association (ACA). (2020). ACA Instructor’s Manual. Fredericksburg, VA. 官方指導員手冊標準。
Golden, M. (2015). Kayaking Biomechanics & Efficient Torso Mechanics. Professional Paddler Journal, 12(3), 45-52.

第七單元：划行概念 Concepts of Paddling